Contents
PREFACE
WHAT’S NEW
FACULTY AND Student RESOURCES FOR Art HISTORY
GRATITUDE
STARTER KIT
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 PREHISTORIC ART
THE STONE AGE
THE Paleolithic PERIOD
Shelter or Architecture?
Artifacts or Works of Art?
Cave Painting
Cave Sculptures
THE Neolithic PERIOD
Architecture
Sculpture and Ceramics
NEW METALLURGY, ENDURING STONE
The Bronze Age
Rock Carvings
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
The Power of Naming
Intentional House Burning
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
Prehistoric Woman and Man
A CLOSER LOOK
A House in Çatalhöyük
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Early Construction Methods
TECHNIQUE
Prehistoric Wall Painting
Pottery and Ceramics
RECOVERING THE PAST
How Early Art is Dated
CHAPTER 2 ART OF THE Ancient NEAR EAST
THE FERTILE CRESCENT AND MESOPOTAMIA
Sumer
Akkad
Ur and Lagash
Babylon
THE HITTITES OF ANATOLIA
ASSYRIA
Kalhu (Nimrud)
Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad)
Nineveh (Kuyunjik)
NEO-BABYLONIA
PERSIA
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Art as Spoils of War—Protection or Theft?
The Code of Hammurabi
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
A Lyre from a Royal Tomb in Ur
A CLOSER LOOK
Enemies Crossing the Euphrates to Escape Assyrian Archers
TECHNIQUE
Cuneiform Writing
Textiles
CHAPTER 3 ART OF ANCIENT EGYPT
THE GIFT OF THE NILE
EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT, C. 2950–2575 BCE
The God-Kings
Artistic Conventions
Funerary Architecture
THE OLD KINGDOM, C. 2575–2150 BCE
The Great Pyramids at Giza
Sculpture
Pictorial Relief in Tombs
THE MIDDLE KINGDOM, C. 1975–C. 1640 BCE
Portraits of Senusret III
Rock-Cut Tombs
Funerary Stelae
Town Planning
THE NEW KINGDOM, C. 1539–1075 BCE
The Great Temple Complexes
Hatshepsut
The Tomb of Ramose
Akhenaten and the Art of the Amarna Period
The Return to Tradition: Tutankhamun and Ramses II
The Books of the Dead
THE THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, C. 1075–715 BCE
LATE Egyptian ART, C. 715–332 BCE
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Egyptian Symbols
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Temples of Ramses II at Abu Simbel
A CLOSER LOOK
The Palette of Narmer
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Mastaba to Pyramid
TECHNIQUE
Preserving The Dead
Egyptian Pictorial Relief
Glassmaking
RECOVERING THE PAST
The Rosetta Stone
CHAPTER 4 ART OF THE ANCIENT AEGEAN
THE BRONZE AGE IN THE AEGEAN
THE CYCLADIC ISLANDS
THE MINOAN Civilization ON CRETE
The “Old Palace” Period, c. 1900–1700 BCE
The “New Palace” Period, c. 1700–1450 BCE
THE MYCENAEAN (HELLADIC) CULTURE
Helladic Architecture
Mycenaean Tombs
Ceramic Arts
BOXES
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Lion Gate
A CLOSER LOOK
The “Flotilla Fresco” from Akrotiri
TECHNIQUE
Aegean Metalwork
RECOVERING THE PAST
Pioneers of Aegean Archaeology
The “Mask of Agamemnon”
CHAPTER 5 ART OF ANCIENT GREECE
THE EMERGENCE OF Greek CIVILIZATION
Historical Background
Religious Beliefs and Sacred Places
GREEK ART C. 900–C. 600 BCE
The Geometric Period
The Orientalizing Period
THE ARCHAIC PERIOD, C. 600–480 BCE
The Sanctuary at Delphi
Temples
Free-standing Sculpture
Painted Pots
THE EARLY Classical PERIOD, C. 480–450 BCE
Marble Sculpture
Bronze Sculpture
Ceramic Painting
THE HIGH CLASSICAL PERIOD, C. 450–400 BCE
The Acropolis
The Parthenon
The Propylaia and the Erechtheion
The Temple of Athena Nike
The Athenian Agora
City Plans
Stele Sculpture
Painting
THE LATE CLASSICAL PERIOD, C. 400–323 BCE
Sculpture
The Art of the Goldsmith
Painting and Mosaics
THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD, 323–31/30 BCE
The Corinthian Order in Hellenistic Architecture
Sculpture
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Greek and Roman Deities
Classic and Classical
Who Owns the Art? The Elgin Marbles and the Euphronios Krater
Women at a Fountain House
Women Artists in Ancient Greece
Greek Theaters
The Celts
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Tomb of the Diver
A CLOSER LOOK
The Euphronios Krater
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
The Greek Orders
TECHNIQUE
Color in Greek Sculpture
Black-Figure and Red-Figure
The Canon of Polykleitos
RECOVERING THE PAST
The Riace Warriors
CHAPTER 6 ETRUSCAN AND ROMAN ART
THE ETRUSCANS
Etruscan Architecture
Etruscan Temples
Tomb Chambers
Works in Bronze
THE ROMANS
Origins of Rome
Roman Religion
THE REPUBLIC, 509–27 BCE
Portrait Sculpture
ROMAN TEMPLES
THE EARLY EMPIRE, 27 BCE–96 CE
Art in the Age of Augustus
The Julio-Claudians
Roman Cities and the Roman Home
Wall Painting
The Flavians
THE HIGH IMPERIAL ART OF TRAJAN AND HADRIAN
Imperial Architecture
Imperial Portraits
THE LATE EMPIRE, THIRD AND FOURTH CENTURIES
The Severan Dynasty
The Soldier Emperors
Constantine the Great
Roman Art after Constantine
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Roman Writers on Art
Roman Portraiture
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Ara Pacis Augustae
A CLOSER LOOK
Sarcophagus with the Indian Triumph of Dionysus
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Roman Architectural Orders
The Roman Arch
Roman Vaulting
Concrete
TECHNIQUE
Roman Mosaics
RECOVERING THE PAST
The Mildenhall Treasure
CHAPTER 7 JEWISH, EARLY CHRISTIAN, AND BYZANTINE ART
JEWS, CHRISTIANS, AND MUSLIMS
Early Jewish Art
Early Christian Art
IMPERIAL CHRISTIAN Architecture AND ART
Architecture
Sculpture
Ravenna
EARLY BYZANTINE ART
The Golden Age of Justinian
Objects of Veneration and Devotion
Icons and Iconoclasm
MIDDLE BYZANTINE ART
Architecture and Mosaics
Objects of Veneration and Devotion
LATE BYZANTINE ART
Constantinople: The Chora Church
Moscow: Rublyov
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Narrative and Iconic
The Life of Jesus
Naming Christian Churches: Designation + Dedication + Location
Scroll and Codex
Iconoclasm
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Funerary Chapel of Theodore Metochites
A CLOSER LOOK
The Mosaic Floor of the Beth Alpha Synagogue
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Longitudinal-Plan and Central-Plan Churches
Pendentives and Squinches
RECOVERING THE PAST
Dura-Europos
CHAPTER 8 ISLAMIC ART
ISLAM AND EARLY ISLAMIC SOCIETY
ART AND ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY
Early Architecture
THE LATER PERIOD
Architecture of the Mediterranean
Architecture of the East
Portable Arts
The Arts of the Book
Manuscript Painting
ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE THREE EMPIRES
The Ottoman Empire
The Safavid Dynasty
Mughal Dynasty
THE MODERN ERA
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
The Five Pillars of Islam
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Great Mosque of Cordoba
A CLOSER LOOK
A Mamluk Glass Oil Lamp
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Arches
TECHNIQUE
Ornament
Carpet Making
CHAPTER 9 ART OF South AND SOUTHEAST Asia BEFORE 1200
THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
INDUS CIVILIZATION
THE Vedic PERIOD
THE Maurya PERIOD
THE PERIOD OF THE SHUNGAS AND EARLY ANDHRAS
Stupas
Buddhist Rock-Cut Halls
THE KUSHAN AND LATER ANDHRA PERIODS
The Gandhara Style
The Mathura Style
The Southeast Indian Style
THE FOURTH THROUGH SEVENTH CENTURIES
Buddhist Sculpture
Painting
The Early Northern Temple
Monumental Narrative Reliefs
The Early Southern Temple
THE EIGHTH THROUGH THE FOURTEENTH CENTURIES
The Monumental Northern Temple
The Monumental Southern Temple
The Bhakti Movement in Art
ART OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Buddhism
Hinduism
Mudras
Meaning and Ritual in Hindu Temples and Images
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
Shiva Nataraja of the Chola Dynasty
A CLOSER LOOK
Descent of the Ganges Relief, Mamallapuram
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Stupas and Temples
CHAPTER 10 Chinese AND Korean ART BEFORE 1279
THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
NEOLITHIC CULTURES
Painted Pottery Cultures
Liangzhu Culture
BRONZE AGE CHINA
Shang Dynasty
Zhou Dynasty
THE CHINESE EMPIRE: QIN DYNASTY
HAN DYNASTY
Philosophy and Art
Architecture 335
SIX DYNASTIES
Painting
Calligraphy
Buddhist Art and Architecture
SUI AND TANG DYNASTIES
Buddhist Art and Architecture
Figure Painting
SONG DYNASTY
Philosophy: Neo-Confucianism
Northern Song Painting
Southern Song Painting and Ceramics
THE ARTS OF KOREA
The Three Kingdoms Period
The Unified Silla Period
Goryeo Dynasty
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Chinese Characters
Daoism
Confucius and Confucianism
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Silk Road during the Tang Period
A CLOSER LOOK
Rubbing of a stone relief
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Pagodas
TECHNIQUE
Piece-Mold Casting
CHAPTER 11 Japanese ART BEFORE 1333
PREHISTORIC JAPAN
Jomon Period
Yayoi Period
Kofun Period
ASUKA PERIOD
Horyuji
NARA PERIOD
HEIAN PERIOD
Esoteric Buddhist Art
Pure Land Buddhist Art
Secular Painting and Calligraphy
KAMAKURA PERIOD
Pure Land Buddhist Art
Zen Buddhist Art
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Writing, Language, and Culture
Buddhist Symbols
Arms and Armor
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
Daruma, Founder of Zen
A CLOSER LOOK
The Tale of Genji
TECHNIQUE
Joined-Block Wood Sculpture
RECOVERING THE PAST
The Great Buddha Hall
CHAPTER 12 ART OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE 1300
THE NEW WORLD
MESOAMERICA
The Olmec
Teotihuacan
The Maya
CENTRAL AMERICA
SOUTH AMERICA: THE CENTRAL ANDES
Chavin de Huantar
The Paracas and Nazca Cultures
The Moche Culture
NORTH AMERICA
The East
The North American Southwest
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Maya Writing
The Cosmic Ballgame
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
Rock Art
A CLOSER LOOK
Maya Stela
TECHNIQUE
Andean Textiles
CHAPTER 13 EARLY African ART
THE LURE OF ANCIENT AFRICA
AFRICA—THE CRADLE OF ART AND CIVILIZATION
AFRICAN Rock ART
Saharan Rock Art
SUB-SAHARAN CIVILIZATIONS
Nok
Igbo-Ukwu
Ife
Benin
OTHER Urban CENTERS
Jenné
Great Zimbabwe
Aksum and Lalibela
Kongo Kingdom
EXPORTING TO THE WEST
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
The Myth of “Primitive” Art
Southern African Rock Art
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
A Warrior Chief Pledging Loyalty
A CLOSER LOOK
Igbo-Ukwu
TECHNIQUE
Lost-Wax Casting
CHAPTER 14 EARLY Medieval ART IN EUROPE
THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
THE ART OF THE “BARBARIANS” IN EUROPE
The Merovingians
The Norse
The Celts and Anglo-Saxons in Britain
THE EARLY CHRISTIAN ART OF THE British ISLES
Illustrated Books
MOZARABIC ART IN SPAIN
Beatus Manuscripts
THE VIKING ERA
The Oseberg Ship
Picture Stones at Jelling
Timber Architecture
THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE
Carolingian Architecture
Illustrated Books
Carolingian Metalwork
OTTONIAN EUROPE
Ottonian Architecture
Ottonian Sculpture
Illustrated Books
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Defining the Middle Ages
The Medieval Scriptorium
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Lindisfarne Gospels
A CLOSER LOOK
Psalm 23 in the Utrecht Psalter
RECOVERING THE PAST
Sutton Hoo
CHAPTER 15 ROMANESQUE ART
EUROPE IN THE ROMANESQUE PERIOD
Political and Economic Life
The Church
ROMANESQUE ART
ARCHITECTURE
“First Romanesque”
“Pilgrimage Churches”
Cluny
The Cistercians
Regional Styles in Romanesque Architecture
Secular Architecture: Dover Castle, England
ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURE
Wiligelmo at the Cathedral of Modena
The Priory Church of Saint-Pierre at Moissac
The Church of Saint-Lazare at Autun
SCULPTURE IN WOOD AND BRONZE
Christ on the Cross (Majestat Batlló)
Mary as the Throne of Wisdom
Tomb of Rudolf of Swabia
Reiner of Huy
TEXTILES AND BOOKS
Chronicling History
Sacred Books
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
The Pilgrim’s Journey
Relics and Reliquaries
St. Bernard and Theophilus: The Monastic Controversy over the Visual Arts
The Paintings of San Climent in Taull: Mozarabic Meets Byzantine
Hildegard of Bingen
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Bayeux Embroidery
A CLOSER LOOK
The Last Judgment Tympanum at Autun
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
The Romanesque Church Portal
CHAPTER 16 Gothic ART OF THE TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH CENTURIES
THE EMERGENCE OF THE GOTHIC STYLE
The Rise of Urban and Intellectual Life
The Age of Cathedrals
GOTHIC ART IN FRANCE
The Birth of Gothic at the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis
Gothic Cathedrals
Art in the Age of St. Louis
GOTHIC ART IN ENGLAND
Manuscript Illumination
Architecture
GOTHIC ART IN Germany AND THE Holy ROMAN EMPIRE
Architecture
Sculpture
GOTHIC ART IN ITALY
Sculpture: The Pisano Family
Painting
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Abbot Suger on the Value of Art in Monasteries
Master Builders
Villard de Honnecourt
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Sainte-Chapelle in Paris
A CLOSER LOOK
The Opening of Psalm 1 in the Windmill Psalter
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Rib Vaulting
The Gothic Church
TECHNIQUE
Stained-Glass Windows
RECOVERING THE PAST
The Church of St. Francis at Assisi
CHAPTER 17 FOURTEENTH-CENTURY ART IN EUROPE
FOURTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE
ITALY
Florentine Architecture and Metalwork
Florentine Painting
Sienese Painting
FRANCE
Manuscript Illumination
Metalwork and Ivory
ENGLAND
Embroidery: Opus Anglicanum
Architecture
THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
Mysticism and Suffering
The Supremacy of Prague
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
A New Spirit in Fourteenth-Century Literature
The Black Death
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
An Ivory Chest with Scenes of Romance
A CLOSER LOOK
The Hours of Jeanne d’Évreux
TECHNIQUE
Buon Fresco
Cennino Cennini on Panel Painting
CONTEMPORARY World MAP
CREDITS
Features
* Create a Custom Text: Pearson Customenables you to work with a dedicated Pearson Custom editor to create your ideal text–publishing your own original content or mixing and matching Pearson content. Contact your Pearson Publisher’s Representative to get started.
* The chapters are keyed to MyArtsLab resources that enrich and reinforce student learning.
* There is increased contextual emphasis now visible with the linking of three key box categories by means of a “target” icon:
* The new Closer Look feature, at the center of the target, pulls in for more specificity within the work of art itself, helping the student understand issues of usage, iconography, and style.
* The Object Speaks box focuses on an in-depth contextual treatment of a work of art.
* The Art and Its Contexts feature at the outer ring of the target represents discussionsof ideas about art that are placed within the broad context of the chapter, or the history of art in general.
* A new series of maps has been created to enhance the clarity and accuracy of the relationship between the art discussed and its geographical location and political affiliation.
* Throughout, images have been updated whenever new and improved images were available. New works have been added to the discussion in many chapters to enhance and enrich what is said in the text.
* The language used to characterize works of art—especially those that attempt to capture the lifelike appearance of the natural world—has been refined and clarified to bring greater precision and nuance.
In response to readers’ requests, discussion of many major monuments has been expanded. For example, the Palette of Narmer, Sainte Chapelle, Bosch’s Garden of Earthly Delights, and the Contarelli Chapel.
* Several chapters have been reorganized for greater clarity and coherence. Prehistoric Art is now global in scope, the early nineteenth century has been incorporated into the chapter containing the eighteenth century to avoid breaking up the discussion of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the last two chapters now break at 1950.
* In keeping with this book’s tradition of inclusivity, an even broader spectrum of media is addressed here, with expanded attention, for example, to Gothic stained glass, Renaissance tapestries, and Navajo textiles.
* Global coverage has been deepened with the addition of new works of art and revised discussions that incorporate new scholarship.
* New Recovering the Past boxes document the discovery, restoration, or conservation of works of art. Some examples include discussions of the Rosetta stone, the Riace bronzes, and the Sutton Hoo find.
* Newly colorized line art and 3D renderings throughout the book provide the opportunity for students to better visualize architectural principles and key art processes.