Contents
Foreword
Preface
I. ELECTRIC TRACTION Principal AND History :
1. Introduction
2. Systems of Traction
3. Others Systems of Traction
4. The Indian Scenario vis-a-vis Electric Traction
5. Present-Day State-of-Art
6. Electric Traction as a Viable Transport Strategy for the 21st Century
7. Advantages of Electric Traction over other Systems of Traction, Break-even Point for Electrification; Comparison of Diesel - Electric and Electric Traction
8. Choice of Traction System : Diesel-Electric or Electric
II. MECHANICS OF TRAIN MOVEMENT :
1. Introduction
2. Speed-Time Curve for Train Movement
3. Train Resistance
4. Requirement of Tractive Effort and T-N Curve of a Typical Train Load
5. Specific Fie Energy Consumption
6. Factors Affecting Specific Energy Consumption
III. ADHESION, TYPES OF SUSPENSION AND MECHANISM OF TORQUE Transmission :
1. Adhesion
2. Electric Traction
3. Coefficient of Adhesion
4. Suspension and Mechanism of Torque Transmission
5. Weight Transfer
6. Effect of Unsprung Mass and Wheel Diameter
IV. TRACTION MOTOR :
1. Introduction
2. Type of Traction Motor Best Suited for Traction Duties
3. Available Motor Characteristics and their Suitability for Traction Duties
4. Rating and Specification of Key Parameters
5. Optimisation of Design and Constructional Features for Improved Power-to-Weight Ratio
6. Three-Phase Induction Drives
V. TRACTION MOTOR CONTROL : PRINCIPLES AND GEAR :
1. Introduction
2. Traction Control of D.C. Locomotives and EMU's
3. Traction Control System of A.C. Locomotives
4. Control Gear
5. PWM Control of Induction Motors
VI. BRAKING-MECHANICAL AND DYNAMIC : PRINCIPLES AND GEAR :
1. Introduction
2. Types of B Raking Systems
3. Essential Requirements of a Good Braking System
4. Important Characteristics of Friction Braking
5. Systems for Generating Breaking Pressure : Vacuum, Air Brake (Automatic or EM Type)
6. Dynamic Braking Systems
7. Conclusion
VII. ELECTRIC TRACTION SUB-SYSTEMS : OVERHEAD EQUIPMENT :
1. Introduction
2. Overhead Equipment (OHE)
3. Sectionalising
4. Bonding of Rails and Masts
5. Materials Employed in OHE
VIII. POWER Supply ARRANGEMENT INCLUDING REMOTE CONTROL AND TARIFF :
1. Power Supply Arrangement for 25 kV Traction System
2. Unbalance on the Grid System
3. Spacing of Substations
4. Strategy to Reduce Voltage Drop by Improving Power Factor
5. Protection of Traction Power Supply System
6. Remote Control Concept : Significance of Auto Reclosing Feature
7. Tariff Strategy
IX. CURRENT COLLECTION GEAR, POWER AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT :
1. Current Collection Gear
2. Power Circuit Equipments (Other than Traction Motors)
3. Auxiliary Circuit Equipment of a Locomotive
X. PROTECTION OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT AND CIRCUITS : SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS AND MONITORING :
1. Introduction
2. Broad Strategy for Protection
3. Surge Protection
4. Overload Protection of Main Power Ciruits
5. Earth Fault Protection of Power of Auxiliary Circuits
6. Protection from Overvoltage and Undervoltage
7. Differential Current Protection of Traction Circuits
8. Protection Against High and Low Air Pressure in the Compressed Air Circuit
9. Temperature Monitoring
10. Protection of Transformer by Bucholz Relay
11. Protection Against Accidental Contact with H.T. Equipment
12. Protection Against Fires
XI. PREVENTIVE/CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES AND OHE; RELIABILITY ASPECTS, APPLICATION OF CONDITION MONITORING TECHNIQUES :
1. Introduction
2. Types of Maintenance and their Objectives and Maintaibability
3. Special Features of Electric Traction Assets Having Bearing on Maintenance Strategy
4. Attention to Maintainability Aspects at Design/Construction Stage
5. Maintenance of Overhead Equipments
6. Maintenance of Electric Locomotives
7. Condition Monitoring to Achieve Need-Based Maintenance
8. Human Resource Development : Training of Artisans and Supervisors
XII. RAILWAY SIGNALLING :
1. Introduction
2. Block Section Concept : Automatic Block Signalling
3. Track Circuits
4. Colour Light/Semaphore Signals and Interlocking Principle
5. Train Speed and Signalling
6. Solid State Interlocking
7. Automatic Warning Systems
8. CAB Signalling
9. Signalling Level Crossings
XIII. DIESEL ELECTRIC TRACTION AND EXCITATION CONTROL :
1. Introduction
2. Characteristics of Diesel Engine
3. Use of Diesel Engine for Traction Duty
4. Electrical Torque-Converter or Power Transmission System
5. Electrical Transmission Utilizing 3-phase Alternator in Conjunction with a Silicon Diode Rectifier
6. Electrical Transmission using GTO Converter-Inverter Supplying Induction Motors
XIV. LEM-PROPELLED TRACTION: RECENT TRENDS :
1. Introduction
2. Linear Electric Motor
3. Linear Induction-Based Traction System
4. Strengths/Weaknesses of LIM-Propelled Railway Traction
5. Practical Possibilities of LIM-Propelled Transportation
6. Inputs/Modifications for Adoption of LIM Propulsion in the Existing System
7. LIM-Propelled Underground Metro Rail System
8. Wheel-Less Traction
9. Present Scenario
XV. APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS IN MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC TRACTION :
1. Introduction
2. Computers' Capability Relevant to Electric Traction Management?
3. Areas of Computer Application in Traction System Management
4. Possible Other Areas for Computer-Controlled Monitoring
5. Conclusion
XVI. NUMERICAL EXERCISES (ILLUSTRATIVE) :
1. Illustrative Worked Out Examples
2. Exercises for Practice