Contents
I. BASIC CONCEPTS OF Chemistry :
1. Inorganic Chemistry
2. Organic Chemistry
3. Physical Chemistry
4. SI Units in Chemistry
5. Atomic and Molecular Theories
II. STATE OF MATTER :
1. Solid State of Matter
2. Liquid State of Matter
3. Gaseous State
4. Colloidal State :
i. True Solution, Colloidal Solution and Suspension
ii. Classification of Colloids
iii. Dialysis
iv. Preparation of Colloidal Solutions
v. Properties of Colloidal Systems
vi. Precipitation of Colloids
vii. Emulsions
viii. Applications of Colloids
III. RARE Earth ELEMENTS :
1. Properties of Rate Earth Elements
2. Extraction
3. Separation
4. Preparation of Metals
5. Applications of Rare Earth Elements
IV. Water TREATMENT, ANALYSIS AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL :
1. Water Treatment
2. Boiler Feed Water Treatment
3. Water Analysis-Sampling of Water for Analysis
4. Sewage Disposal :
i. Sewage Treatment
ii. Sludge Disposal
5. Industrial Wastewater Treatment
6. Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater
7. Methods of Treatment
8. Dairy Industry
9. Cane Sugar Industry Wastewater
10. Distillery and Brewery Wastewater
11. Petrochemical Industries Waste
12. Textiles Industries
13. Paper and Pulp Mills Waste
14. Membrane Technology for Wastewater Treatment
15. Rootzone Technology for Treatment of Wastewater
A. Industrial Waste-water and its Treatment :
1. Statutory Regulations
2. Standards for Effluent Discharge
3. Pollution control in Respect of Effluent Treatment and Statutory Requirements
4. Treatability of Industrial Waste-water
5. Water pollution
6. Disinfection of Waste-water
7. Biological Organisms in Water
8. Basics of Microbiology
9. Indicators of Pollution
10. Microbiology of Waste-water Treatment
11. Activated Sludge
V. HEMICAL BONDING AND Catalysis :
1. Chemical Bonding
2. Catalysis
VI. CHEMICAL KINETICS AND IONIC EQUATIONS :
1. Chemical Kinetics
2. Ionic Equilibria
VII. Acids AND ALKALIES :
1. Acids
2. Alkali
3. The Arrhenius Concept
4. The Solvent System Concept
5. The Bronsted-Lowry Concept
6. Strengths of Bronsted Acids and Bases
7. Hydrolysis
8. Acid and Base Strengths and Structure
9. The Lewis Concept
10. Sulpuric Acid
11. Nitric Acid
12. Hydrochloric Acid
13. Phosphoric Acid
14. Carboxylic Acid
15. Acetic Acid
16. Formic Acid
17. Benzoic Acid
18. Salicyclic Acid
19. Dicarboxylic Acid
20. Oxalic Acid
21. Phthalic Acid
22. Sebacic Acid
23. Adipic Acid
24. Fatty Acids
25. Oleic Acid
26. Palmitic Acid
27. Stearic Acid
28. Phenylstearic Acid
29. Alkalies :
i. Sodium Hydroxide
30. Sodium Carbonate
31. Sodium Bicarbonate
32. Sodium Chloride
33. Compounds of Potassium
VIII. COMPLEX IONS AND CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS :
1. Introduction
2. Types of Isomerism
3. Chelates
4. Werner's Formulation of Metal Ammines
5. Stability of Complexes
6. Theories of Metal to Ligand Bonding
IX. ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY AND IONIC EQUILIBRIA :
1. Electrochemistry
2. Hydrogen Ion Concentration, pH
X. DIELECTRICS OR Electrical INSULATING MATERIALS :
1. Circuit Analogy of a Dielectric or Insulation
2. Resistance and Resistivity of Dielectric Insulation
3. Variation of Dielectric Properties with Temperature
4. Insulating Gases
5. Dielectric Properties at Low Electric Fields
6. Insulating Oils and Liquids
7. Solid Insulating Materials
8. Insulated Conductors
9. Thermal Insulation
10. Fundamentals of Heat Transfer
11. Selecting Insulating
12. Thermal Properties of Insulating Materials
13. Dielectric Permittivity
XI. CHEMICAL Equilibrium AND PHASE RULE :
1. Chemical Equilibrium :
i. The Law of Mass Action
ii. Kinds of Chemical Equilibria
iii. Le Chatelier Principle
iv. Temperature and Chemical Equilibrium
2. The Phase Rule :
i. Definition
ii. One-Component Systems
iii. Two-Component Systems
XII. Solid State Chemistry :
1. Types of Solid
2. Molecular Orbital Theory
3. Molecular Orbital Structure of some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
4. Metallic Bond
5. Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors
6. Insulators and Semi-conductors
7. Types of Semiconductors
8. Compounds as Defect Semiconductors
XIII. Colloids :
1. Colloids Dispersions
2. Solutions of Macromolecules
3. Association Colloids
XIV. INDUSTRIAL Gases :
1. Hydrogen
2. Oxygen
3. Acetylene
4. Ethylene and Propylene by Steam Cracking of Hydrocarbons
5. Carbon Monoxide
6. Sulphur Dioxide
7. Nitrogen
8. Nitrous Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)
9. Noble Gases
XIV. Photochemistry :
1. Introduction
2. Laws of Photochemistry :
i. Lambert's Law
ii. Beer's Law
iii. Grotthus-Draper Law
iv. Stark's-Einstein's Law of Photochemical Equivalence
XVI. FERTILISERS :
1. Classification of Fertilisers
2. Prospective Development in Mineral Fertilisers Manufacturing
3. Ammonia Technologies
4. Urea Technologies
5. Phosphatic Fertilisers
XVII. NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS :
1. Naming of Organic Compounds :
i. IUPAC Nomenclature
ii. Naming of Compounds Containing One Functional Group
iii. Naming of Compounds Containing Two Funtional Group
iv. Compounds with Two Chains
XVIII. ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISM :
1. Classification of Organic Reactions
2. Bond Fission
3. Reaction Intermediates
4. Carbocations
5. Carbanions
6. Free Radicals
7. Carbenes
8. Reagents
9. Equilibrium and Kinetics
10. Chemical Methods for Investigating Reaction Mechanism :
i. Product Analysis
ii. Intermediate Criteria
iii. Stereochemical Studies
iv. Isotope Labelling Studies
v. Kinetic Isotope Effect
XIX. STEREOCHEMISTRY :
1. Isomerism
2. Conformation and Free Rotation
3. Optical Isomerism :
i. Plane Polarised Light
ii. Optical Purity
iii. Fischer Projection
iv. Newman Projection Formula
4. Conformational Analysis of Acyclic Compounds
5. Formation of Diastereoisomeric Salts or Derivatives
6. Optical Isomerism due to Restricted Rotation
7. Geometrical Isomerism
8. Configuration of Maleic and Fumaric Acid :
i. Other Cis-trans Isomers
ii. Cis and Trans Elimination
XX. Fuels :
1. Power
2. Fuels :
i. Modern Concept of Fuel
ii. Selection of a Fuel
3. Solid Fuels
4. Origin of Coal :
i. Analysis of Coal
ii. Valuation and Selection of Coal
iii. Determination of Calorific Value by Bomb Calorimeter
iv. Role of Sulphur in Coal
v. Role of Ash in Coal
vi. Classification of Coal
vii. Uses of Different Coals
5. Pulverised Coal
6. Coke :
i. Manufacture of Coke or Carbonisation of Coal
ii. Fuels for Metallurgy
iii. Storage and Spontaneous Ignition of Coal
iv. The Quality of Coal REQUIRED for Different Purposes
v. Uses of Coal
7. Indian Coals :
i. Geological Division of Indian Coals
8. Liquid Fuels
9. Power Alcohol
10. Gaseous Fuels
11. Combustion
12. Recent Advances in Fuel Technology
13. Alcohols-Promising Alternative Fuels
14. Biofuel : An Alternative Source to Diesel and Gasoline
15. Control of Pollution in Refineries
XXI. LUBRICATION, LUBRICANTS—THEIR PROPERTIES AND TESTING :
1. Lubricants of Mineral Origin
2. Vegetable Oils and Fatty Acids as Lubricants
3. Properties of Lubricants
4. Synthetic Lubricants
5. Lubricating Greases
6. Biodegradibility of Base Fluids and Additives
XXII. FATS, OILS, SOAPS AND DETERGENTS :
1. Fats and Fatty Oils
2. Vegetable Oils
3. Animal Oils
7. Waxes
5. Analysis of Oils, Fats and Waxes
6. Hydrogenation of Oils
7. Optimum Conditions for the Process
8. Synthetic Detergents
9. Surfactants and their Toxicity
10. Recent Developments in Surfactant Synthesis
XXIII. PAINTS, VARNISHES AND LACQUERS :
1. Required Properties of Paint
2. Paint Constituents and their Functions
3. Manufacture of Paint
4. Types of Pigments
5. Oils Used in Paint
6. Enamels
7. Lacquer
8. Resins
9. Emulsion Paints
10. Failure of Paint
11. Paint Remover
12. Metallic Coatings
13. Hot Dipping :
i. Cementation or Impregnated Coatings
ii. Sprayed Metal Coatings
iii. Clad Metals
iv. Vapour Deposition
v. Electroplating
14. Electrical Energy Required for Electro Deposition
XXIV. Dye and Dye Intermediates :
1. Methods used for Manufacturing Dye Intermediates
2. Organic Dyes
3. Applications and Evaluation of Dyes
4. Natual Dyes
5. Reactive Dyes
6. Sensitising Dyes
7. Stilbene Dyes
XXV. POLYMERS-RESINS, PLASTICS AND RUBBER :
1. Resins and Plastics
2. Different Types of Polymerisation Processes
3. Fabrication of Plastics
4. Phenolformaldehyde Resin or Pheonolic Resin and Plastics
5. Amino Resins and Plastics
6. Cellulose Plastics
7. Ethenoid Resins and Plastics
8. Acryllic Resins and Plastics
9. Polyester Resins
10. Polymide Resins
11. Silicone Resins
12. Epoxy Resins
13. Polyurethanes
14. Uses of Plastics
15. Properties of Plastics
16. Rubber
17. Synthetic Rubber
18. Types of Synthetic Rubbers
19. Properties of Synthetic Rubbers
20. Compounding
21. Fabrication
22. Vulcanisation
23. Latex
24. Sponge Rubber
25. Foam Rubber
26. Reclaimed Rubber
27. Applications of Rubber
28. Recent Developments in Epoxy, Polyester and Vinyl Ester Resins
29. Acrylic Modified Alkyd Resins
30. Fabrication Techniques of Cross-Linked Foam Polyethylene
31. Biodegradable Polymers
2. Processing of Poly-(3-Hydroxybutyrate-CO3-Hydroxyvalerate) PHBV
33. Recent Technologies in Polymers and Petrochemicals
XXVI. ADHESIVES
1. Factors affecting the Adhesive action of an Adhesive
2. Bonding Process
3. Nature of Adhesion in Adhesives
4. Classification of Adhesives
5. Solvent Responsive Adhesives
6. Uses of Solvent Responsive Adhesives
7. Heat-Sealing Adhesives
8. Pressure-sensitive Adhesives
9. Chemically Reactive Adhesives
10. Hot Melt Adhesives
11. Terpene based Adhesives
12. Starch based Adhesives
13. General consideration in Adhesive Selection
XXVII. INSECTICIDES AND Pesticides :
1. Organic Insecticides
2. Inorganic Insecticides
3. Fumigants
4. Fungicides
XXVIII. SUGAR AND FERMENTATION :
1. Manufacture of Cane Sugar
2. Process Description
3. Fermentation Industries :
i. Fermentation Under Controlled conditions
4. Industrial Alcohol
5. Beers, Wines and Liquors
XXIX. Explosives AND PROPELLANTS
XXX. Ferrous METALLURGY—IRON AND Steel MAKING :
1. Introduction to Metallurgy
2. Iron Making :
i. Allotropic Forms of Iron
ii. Physical Properties of Iron
iii. Iron Ores
iv. Manufacture of Iron from Iron Ores by Blast Furnace
v. Chemical Reactions in the Blast Furnace
vi. Impurities in Pig Iron and their Effect
vii. Cast Iron
viii. Different Grades of Cast Iron & their Physical Properties
ix. Important Properties of Cast Iron
x. Wrought Iron
3. Steel Making :
i. Manufacture of Steel
ii. Bessemer Process
iii. Open Hearth Process
iv. Electric Furnace
v. Linz-Donawitz (L.D.) Process of Steel Making
vi. Constitution Diagram for Iron Carbon Alloys
vii. Classification of Steels
viii. Classification of Stainless Steels
ix. Steel for Tools
x. Heat Treatment of Steel
XXXI. NON-FERRORS METALLURGY—CU, PB, AL, NI, ZN, SN, MB :
1. Copper :
i. Ores of Copper
ii. Concentration of Ores
iii. Roasting
iv. Smelting
v. Converting
vi. Refining of Copper
vii. Hydrometallurgy of Copper
viii. Uses of Copper
2. Lead :
i. Concentration
ii. Smelting
iii. Refining of Lead
iv. Properties of Lead
v. Uses of Lead
3. Aluminium :
i. Bayer's Process
ii. Properties of Aluminium
iii. Uses and Engineering Applications of Aluminium
4. Nickel :
i. Metallurgy of Nickel
ii. Uses of Nikel
iii. Properties of Nickel
5. Zinc :
i. Metallurgy of Zinc
ii. Uses of Zinc
6. Tin :
i. Metallurgy of Tin
ii. Properties of Tin
iii. Uses
7. Molybdenum :
i. Uses of Molybdenum in Industry
ii. Nature and control of Corrosion in Industries
8. Method of Corrosion Protection :
i. Concrete Corrosion and Monitoring
9. Concrete Corrosion Control by Rust Converter Coating System :
XXII. METALLIC Alloys :
1. Types of Alloys
2. Properties of Alloys
3. Treatment of Alloys
4. Alloys of Copper
5. Lead Alloys
6. Aluminium Alloys
7. Alloys of Nickel
8. Zinc Alloys
9. Alloys of Tin
10. Powder Metallurgy
11. Optimum Formulation of Emulsion Paints to Acheive Maximum Economic Efficiency
12. Paint Biocides
13. UV Technology in the Formulation of Printing Inks and Lacquers :
i. Powder Coating
14. Recent Trends in Epoxy Coatings
15. Solvent Based Coatings
16. Surface Coatings Based on Acrylic Resins
A. Silica Industries :
1. Different Types, Properties and Uses of Refractiories
2. Manufacture of Refractories
3. Acid Refractories
4. Silica Refractories
5. Basic Refractories
6. Magnesia (MgO)
7. Dolomite Refractory
8. Lime
9. Zirconia (ZrO2)
10. Iron Ore
11. Neutral Refractories
12. Carbide Refractories
13. Chromite Refractories
14. Sillimanite and Allied Minerals
15. Natural Abrasives and their Properties
16. Synthetic Abrasives
17. Uses of Abrasives
18. Bonded Grinding Wheels
19. Testing of Grinding Wheels
20. Availability of Natural Abrasives in India
21. Manufacture of Cement
22. Setting Hardening of Cement
23. Specifications for Portland Cement
24. Mortars and Concrete
25. Lime Manufacture
26. Gypsum
27. Plaster of Paris
28. Manufacture of Glass
29. Process of Glass Manufacture
30. Melting of Glass
31. Manufacture of Special Glass
XXIII. CORROSION AND ITS PREVENTION :
1. Direct Chemical Corrosion
2. Electro-Chemical Corrosion
3. Atmospheric Corrosion
4. Corrosion in Immersed Solutions
5. Different Types of Corrosion
6. Corrosion Control
7. Recent Trends in Inhibitors and Chemical Treatments for Cooling Water Systems
XXIV. BASIC CONCEPTS OF Environmental CHEMISTRY :
1. Concept of Environmental Chemistry
2. Factors Affecting the Environment
3. Segments of Environment
4. Composition of the Atmosphere :
i. Structure of the Atmosphere
5. Photochemical Reactions
6. Photochemical Smog
7. Types of Atmospheric Pollution
8. Deforestation
9. Effect of Particulate Pollutants
10. Air Pollution due to Carbon Monoxide
11. Greenhouse Effect
12. Acid Rains
13. Formation and Depletion of Ozone (Ozone Holes)
14. Water Pollution
15. Soil/Land Pollution
16. Thermal Pollution
17. Noise Pollution
XXV. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS :
1. Ammonium Chloride
2. Ammonium Nitrate
3. Ammonium Sulphate
4. Barium Carbonate
5. Boric Acid (Orthoboric Acid)
6. Bromine
7. Calcium Chloride
8. Calcium Phosphate (Monocalicium Phosphate, Superphoshate)
9. Carbon Disulphide
10. Chromic Acid (Chromium Trioxide, Chromic anhydride)
11. Titanium Dioxide
12. Zinc Oxide
13. Acetaldehyde
14. Acetic Anhydride
15. Acrylonitrile
16. Alkyl Aryl Sulphonate (Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate)
17. Aniline
18. Benzene (Benzol)
19. Benzyl Chloride
20. Bisphenol-A
21. Butadiene
22. Butyl Acetate
23. Caprolactam
24. Carbon Tetrachloride
25. Carboxymethyl Cellulose
26. Cellulose Acetate
27. Chloroacetic Acid (Manochloroacetic Acid)
28. Cresol (Crysylic Acid)
29. Cumene (Isopropylbenzene)
30. Chloroform (Trichloromethane)
31. Cyclohexane
32. Ether (Ethyl Ether)
33. Ethyl Acetate
34. Ehtyl Alcohol (Ethanol, Industrial Alcohol)
35. Ethylbenzene
36. Ethyl Chloride
37. Ethylene Oxide
38. Formaldehyde
39. Glycerine (Glycerol)
40. Isopropyl Alcohol
41. Maleic Anhydride
42. Melamine
XXVI. Biotechnology :
1. Introduction
2. Current Status of Biotechnology in Environment Protection
3. Role of Biotechnology in Environmental Protection
4. Pollution Prevention through Biotechnology
5. Chemical Synthesis through Biotechnology
6. Bioremediation
7. Biotechnology for Waste-Water Treatment Systems
8. Biodegradation of Xenobiotics
9. Non-Conventional Energy
List of Appendix (Appendices)
1. Temperature Conversion table
2. Melting point of some elements
3. Boiling point of some elements
4. Densities of solids and liquid elements
5. Electronic structures of the elements
6. Some average single bond energies (kJ mol"1)
7. Atomic weight based on 12C = 12.000
8. Solubilities of main group compounds in water
9. Atomic weight of elements
10. Values of some fundamental physical constants
11. Electrical resistivity of the elements at the stated temperature
12. Atomic number and Atomic Mass Numbers of Various elements
13. Physical Properties of some materials
14. Alcohols and their formulas
15. Formal representation of compounds and complex ions aggregates of ions
16. Some typical heterogeneous catalytic reactions
17. Dielectric Permitivity (Relative Dielectric Constant)
18. Natural isotopic compositions of the elements
19. Properties of water
20. Hardness
21. Tensile Strength of Metals
22. Periodic Table of the Elements