About the Author
University of Roorkeeiness-Development" Title="Business-Development">Business Developmentuated in Electrical Engineering in 1967 and did his master’s degree in Power System Engineering from University of Roorkee in 1970. He was awarded University Gold Medal for his Academic achievements. He is an Electrical Engineer of international reputation.
Prof. Raja served for 24 years at the University of Roorkee, Roorkee (presently IIT, Roorkee) in different positions and took voluntary retirement from the post of Professor in Electrical Engineering. He is presently Director and Head, Department of Electrical Engineering at Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow.
His current areas of interest are Conventional and Non-conventional Power Plant. He has attended many national and international conferences, where he has presented several Research papers. He has authored a book on Introduction to Non-conventional Energy Resources. Prof. Raja was awarded “Rashtriya Shiksha Ratan Award-2003” by All India Business Development Association, “Bharat Jyoti Award-2003” by India International Friendship Society, “Samajshri Award-2000” by Indian Council of Management. He is lead assessor for ISO-9000, M.I.E. (India), M.I.A.Q.R., Ex. Principal Member ETD-C35 Committee of ISI.
During his carrier, he also served as founder director of BBDNITM (LKO), NIEC (LKO) and SITM (Barabanki), former director of DIT (Dehradun) and IEC College of Engineering & Technology, Gr. Noida.
Amit Prakash Srivastava is Sr. Lecturer and Head, Mechanical Engineering Department at Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow. He obtained his B.Tech. degree in Mechanical Engineering from I.E.T., Kanpur, CSJM University. He has done his M.Tech. with honours from H.B.T.I., Kanpur. He has published several research papers.
Manish Dwivedi is Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering Department at Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow. He obtained his B.Tech. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Marathwada University, Aurangabad, and doing M.Tech. from K.N.I.T., Sultanpur. He has considerable research work to his Credit in the field of Power Plant. Another book on Problem and Solution in Mechanical Engineering is due to be published by the same publisher. He is actively involved in Teaching and research.
Contents
Chap. I : FUNDAMENTAL OF POWER Plant :
1. Introduction
2. Concept of Power Plants
3. Classification of Power Plants
4. Energy
5. Types of Energy
6. Power
7. Power Development in India
8. Resources for Power Generation
9. Present Power Position in India
10. Future Planning for Power Generation
11. Power Corporations in India :
i. National Thermal Power Corporation
ii. National Hydro-Electric Power Corporation
iii. Rural Electrification Corporation
iv. Damodar Valley Corporation
v. North-Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited
vi. Bhakra Beas Management Board and Beas Construction Board
vii. Power Engineers Training Society (PETS)
viii. Central Power Research Institute (CPR1), Bangalore
ix. Naptha, Jhaicri Power Corporation Limited
12. Review of Thermodynamics Cycles Related to Power Plants
13. Classification of Power Plant Cycle :
i. Carnot Cycle
ii. Rankine Cycle
iii. Reheat Cycle
iv. Regenerative Cycle (Feed Water Heating)
v. Binary Vapour Cycle
vi. Reheat-Regenerative Cycle
vii. Formula Summary
14. Fuels and Combustion
15. Steam Generators
16. Steam Prime Movers
17. Steam Condensers :
i. Surface Condensers
ii. Jet Condensers
iii. Types of Jet Condensers
18. Water (Hydraulic) Turbines :
i. Impulse and Reaction Turbines
19. Scienc Vs. Technology :
i. Scientific Research
ii. Science and Technology Infrastructure
20. Facts Vs. Values
21. Atomic Energy
22. Highlights of the Nuclear Power Programme
23. Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
24. Ocean Engineering Applications
Chap. II : NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES AND UTILISATION :
1. Introduction
2. Energy Science
3. Various Energy Science
4. Energy Technology
5. Energy Technology and Energy Sciences
6. Law of Conservation of Energy
7. Facts and Figures about Energy
8. Indian and Global Energy Sources :
i. The Sun
ii. Etroleum
iii. Natural Gas
iv. Coal
v. Nuclear Energy
vi. LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas)
vii. Alcohol
viii. Gasohol
ix. Hydro Power
9. Energy Exploited
10. Energy Demand
11. Energy Planning
12. Introduction to Various Sources of Energy :
i. Conventional Sources of Energy
ii. Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
13. Introduction to Various Non-Conventional Energy Resources
14. Bio-Gas :
i. Aerobic and Anaerobic Bio-Conversion Process
ii. Raw Materials
iii. Properties of Bio Gas
iv. Bio Gas Plant Technology
15. Wind Energy :
i. Wind Machine Fundamentals
ii. Aerofoil Design
iii. Wind Power Systems
iv. Economic Issues
v. Selection of Wind Mill
iv. Recent Developments
16. Solar Energy :
i. Solar Radiations
ii. Solar Thermal Power Plant
iii. Solar Energy Storage
iv. Recent Developments in Solar Power Plants
17. Electrochemical Effects and Fuel Cells :
i. Reversible Cells
ii. Ideal Fuel Cells
iii. Other Types of Fuel Cells
iv. Efficiency of Cells
18. Thermionic Systems and Thennionic Emission :
i. Thermoionic Conversion
ii. Ideal and Actual Efficiency
19. Thermoelectric Systems :
i. Principle of Working
ii. Performance
20. Geo Thermal Energy :
i. Hot Springs
ii. Steam Ejection
iii. Site Selection
iv. Geothermal Power Plants
v. Advanced Concepts
21. Ocean Energy :
i. Power Plants Based on Ocean Energy
22. Other Energy Technology :
i. Liquid Fuel
ii. Fuel Cell Technology
iii. Hydrogen Energy
iv. Hydrogen Energy Technology
v. Battery Operated Vehicles
vi. Bio Fuel Technology
vii. Hydroelectric Power
viii. Innovative Heat Exchanger to Save Energy
Chap. III : POWER PLANT Economics AND VARIABLE LOAD PROBLEM :
1. Terms and Factors
2. Factor Effecting Power Plant Design
3. Effect of Power Plant Type on Costs :
i. Initial Cost
ii. Rate of Interest
iii. Depreciation
iv. Operational Costs
v. Cost of Fuels
vi. Labout Cost
vii. Cost of Maintenance and Repairs
viii. Cost of Stores
ix. Supervision
x. Taxes
4. Effect of Plant Type on Rates (Tariffs or Energy Element) :
i. Requirements of a Tariff
ii. Types of Tariffs
5. Effect of Plant Type on Fixed Elements
6. Effect of Plant Type on Customer Elements
7. Investor's Profit
8. Economics in Plant Selection
9. Economic of Power Generation
10. Industrial Production and Power Generational Compared
11. Load Curves
12. Ideal and Realized Load Curves
13. Effect of Variable Load on Power Plan Design
14. Effect of Variable Load on Power Plant Operation
Chap. IV : STEAM POWER PLANT :
1. Introduction
2. Essentials of Steam Power Plant Equipment :
i. Power Station Design
ii. Characteristics of Steam Power Plant
3. Coal Handling :
i. Dewatering of Coal
4. Fuel Burning Furnaces :
i. Types of Furnaces
5. Method of Fuel Firing :
i. Hand Firing
ii. Mechanical Firing (Stokers)
6. Automatic Boiler Control :
7. Pulverized Coal :
i. Ball Mill
ii. Ball and Race Mill
iii. Shaft Mill
8. Pulverized Coal Firing
9. Pulverized Coal Burners :
i. Cyclone Fired Boilers
10. Water Walls
11. Ash Disposal :
i. Ash Handling Equipment
12. Smoke and Dust Removal
13. Types of Dust Collectors :
i. Fly Ash Scrubber
ii. Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC)
iii. Types of FBC Systems
Chap. V : STEAM GENERATOR :
1. Introduction
2. Types of Boilers
3. Cochran Boilers
4. Lancashire Boiler
5. Locomotive Boiler
6. Babcock Wilcox Boiler
7. Industrial Boilers
8. Merits and Demerits of Water Tube Boilers over Fire Tube Boilers Mertis
9. Requirements of a Good Boiler
10. High Pressure Boilers :
i. La Mont Boiler
ii. Benson Boiler
iii. Loeffler Boiler
iv. Schmidt-Hartmann Boiler
v. Velox Boiler
Chap. VI : STEAM TURBINE :
1. Principle of Operation of Steam Turbine
2. Classification of Steam Turbine
3. The Simple Impulse Turbine
4. Compounding of Impulse Turbine
5. Pressure Compounded Impulse Turbine
6. Simple Velocity-Compounded Impulse Turbine
7. Pressure and Velocity Compounded Impulse Turbine
8. Impulse-Reaction Turbine
9. Advantages of Steam Turbine over Steam Engine
10. Steam Turbine Capacity
11. Capability
12. Steam Turbine Governing
13. Steam Turbine Performance
14. Steam Turbine Testing
15. Choice of Steam Turbine
16. Steam Turbine Generators
17. Steam Turbine Specifications
Chap. VII : FUELS AND COMBUSTION :
1. Introduction
2. Coal
3. Coal Analysis :
i. Proximate Analysis
ii. Ultimate Analysis
iii. Heating Value
4. Coal Firing
5. Mechanical Stokers
6. Pulverized-Coal Firing
7. Cyclone Furnaces
Chap. VIII : DIESEL POWER PLANT :
1. Introduction
2. Operating Principle
3. Basic Types of Ic Engines :
i. Two-Stroke, Spark Ignition Gas Engines/Petrol Engines
ii. Diesel Engines/Heavy Oil Engines
iii. Duel Fuel Engines
iv. High Compression Gas Engines
4. Advantage of Diesel Power Plant
5. Disadvantage of Diesel Power Plant
6. Application of Diesel Power Plant
7. General Layout of Diesel Power Plant
8. Performance of Diesel Engine :
i. Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP)
ii. Indicated Hourse Power (IHP)
iii. Brake Horse Power (B.H.P.)
iv. Frictional Horse Power (F.H.P.)
v. Indicated Thermal Efficiency
vi. Brake Thermal Efficiency (Overall Efficiency)
vii. Mechanical Efficiency
9. Fuel System of Diesel Power Plant
10. Lubrication System of Diesel Power Plant :
i. Liquid Lubicricants or Wet Sump Lubrication System
ii. Solid Lubricants or Dry Sump Lubrication System
iii. Mist Lubrication System
11. Air Intakes and Admission System of Diesel Power Plant
12. Supercharging System of Diesel Power Plant :
i. Types of Supercharger
ii. Advantages of Supercharging
13. Exhaust System of Diesel Power Plant
14. Cooling System of Diesel Power Plant :
i. Open Cooling System
ii. Natural Circulation System
iii. Forced Circulation Cooling System
15. Diesel Plant Operation
16. Efficiency of Diesel Power Plant
17. Heat Balance Sheet
Chap. IX : GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT :
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Gas Turbine Power Plant :
i. Open Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant
ii. Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant
3. Elements of Gas Turbine Power Plants :
i. Compressors
ii. Intercoolers and Heat Exchangers
iii. Combustion Chambers
iv. Gas Turbines
4. Regeneration and Reheating :
i. Regeneration
ii. Reheating
5. Cogeneration :
i. Cogeneration-Why
ii. Cogeneration Technologies
6. Auxiliary Systems :
i. Starting Systems
ii. Ignition Systems
iii. Lubrication System
iv. Fuel System and Controls
7. Control of Gas Turbines :
i. Prime Control
ii. Protective Controls
8. Gas Turbine Efficiency :
i. Effect of Blade Friction
ii. Improvement in Open Cycle
9. Operations and Maintenance Performance :
i. Operation
ii. Maintenance Performance
10. Troubleshooting and Remedies
11. Combined Cycle Power Plants
12. Applications of Gas Turbine
13. Advantages of Gas Turbine Power Plant
14. Disadvantages
Chap. X : NUCLEAR POWER PLANT :
1. Introduction
2. General History and Trends :
i. Major Events
ii. What Might Change the Current Situation?
iii. Technical History and Developments
iv. Developments After WW-2
3. The Atomic Structure
4. Summary of Nuclear Energy Concepts and Terms :
i. Summary of Features
ii. Fission
iii. Critical Mass
iv. Alpha Radiation
v. Beta Particles
vi. Gamma Particles
vii. Uranium Fission
viii. Half Life, T
5. Ethical Problems in Nuclear Power Regulation
6. Chemical and Nuclear Equations
7. Nuclear Fusion and Fission :
i. Fusion
ii. Fission
8. Energy from Fission and Fuel Burn Up
9. Radioactivity
10. Nuclear Reactor :
i. Parts of a Nuclear Reactor
ii. Nuclear Fuel
iii. Moderator
iv. Moderating Ratio
v. Reflector
vi. Reactor Vessel
vii. Biological Shieding
viii. Coolant
ix. Coolant Cycles
x. Reactor Core
11. Conservation Ratio
12. Neutron Flux
13. Gasification of Reactors
14. Cost of Nuclear Power Plant
15. Nuclear Power Station in India
16. Light Water Reactor (LWR) and Heavy Water Reactor (HWR) :
i. Importance of Heavy Water
17. Site Selection
18. Comparison of Nulcear Power Plant and Steam Power Plant
19. Multiplication Factor
20. Uranium Enrichment
21. Reactor Power Control
22. Nuclear Power Plant Economics
23. Safety Measures for Nuclear Power Plants
24. Site Selection and Commissioning Procedure
25. Major Nuclear Power Disasters
26. Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant :
i. Reactor Design : RBMK-1000
ii. Control of the Reactor
iii. Chernobyl Reactor Operations
iv. Accident/Safety Plans
v. Evacuation
27. Safety Problems in Chernobyl Reactor Design :
i. System Dynamics
ii. Another Safety Problem with the Design
28. Other, Earlier, Soviet Nuclear Accidents
Chap. XI : HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS :
1. Introduction
2. Run-Off
3. Hydrograph and Flow Duration Curve
4. The Mass Curve
5. Selection of Site for a Hydro-Electric Power Plant
6. Essential Features of a Water-Power Plant
7. Calculations of Water Power Plants
8. Classification of Hydro-Plant :
i. Storage Plants
ii. Run-of-River Power Plants
iii. Pumped Storage Power Plants
9. Power House and Turbine Setting :
i. Advantages and Disadvantages of Underground Power-House
10. Prime-Movers
11. Specific Speed of Turbine
12. Draft Tubes :
i. Methods to Avoid Cavitation
ii. Types of Draft Tubes
iii. Different Types of Draft Tubes
13. Models and Model Testing
14. Selection of Turbine
Chap. XII : Electrical SYSTEM :
1. Introduction
2. Generators and Motors :
i. Rotors
ii. Stators
iii. Ventilation
iv. Hight-Voltage Generators
3. Transformers :
i. Constructional Parts
ii. Core Constructions
iii. Windings
4. Cooling of Transformers :
i. Simple Cooling
ii. Mixed Cooling
iii. Natural Oil Cooling
iv. Forced Oil Cooling
v. Internal Cooling
5. Bus-Bar :
i. Single Bus-Bar System
ii. Single Bus-Bar System with Sectionalisation
iii. Duplicate Bus-Bar System
6. Busbar Protection :
i. Differential Protection
ii. Fault Bus Protection
Chap. XIII : Pollution AND ITS CONTROL :
1. Introduction
2. Environment Pollution due to Energy Use
3. Environment Pollution due to Industrial Trial Emissions
4. Environment Pollution to Road Transport
5. Harmful Effects of Emissions :
i. Buildings and Materials
ii. Soil, Vegetation and Animal Life
iii. Human Beings
6. Steps Taken so Far and their Impact
7. Noise Pollution and its Control
8. Green House Gases and their Effects
9. Fossil Fuel Pollution :
i. Urban Air Pollution
ii. Acid Rain
iii. Global Climate Change
iv. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
v. Acid Fog
10. Pollution due to Combustion of Fuel :
i. Gas Fuel
ii. Methane
iii. Alkanes
11. Pollution due to Gas Combustion :
i. Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHCS)
ii. Carbon Monoxide (CO)
iii. Nitric Oxide (NOx)
iv. Soot
12. Pollution due to Liquid Fuel :
i. Atomization
ii. Vaporization
iii. Modes of Combustion
13. Pollution due to Solid Fuel
14. Air Pollution by Thermal Power Plants
15. Water Pollution by Thermal Power Plants
16. Environment Concerns and Diesel Power Plants
17. Nuclear Power Plant and the Environment :
i. The Fuel Cycle
ii. Wastes
18. Radiations from Nuclear-Power Plant Effluents
19. Impact on Pollution and Air Qality in Delhi :
i. Environmental Concerns
ii. Pollution Levels
iii. Measure to Combat Pollution
20. Method for Pollution Control
21. Control of Marine Pollution
Features
1. Utilization of non-conventional energy resources
2. Includes green house effect
3. Gives latest information’s in Power Plant Engineering
4. Include large number of problems of both Indian and foreign universities
Rich contents, lucid manner