About The Book
Vermiculture is a new development in Biotechnology based Product which helps to solve the partially Pollution problems. Vermiculture is a mixed culture which contains one specific culture of Soil Bacteria mixed with an effective strain of Earth worms.
All over world, from developed Countries like USA, U.K., Russia and Japan, as well others to developing countries like China, Mexico, Brazil and Philippines etc., earthworm culture, popularly called vermiculture is being widely practiced in big commercialised manner.
In India too some Companies have come up, but by and Large General awareness remains lacking, despite fact that several non Governmental organisations and governmental institution are trying hard to popularise the subject for adoption. This book is an attempt to fill the need of those desirous of starting vermiculture and vermicompost industry.
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION :
1. Advantages of Vermicomposting
2. Vermicomposting in Daily life
3. Vermiculture v/s Vermicomposting
4. Vermitechnology (VT)
5. Progress of worm Industry
6. Turning Garbage into Money
7. Chemical composition of the Vermicompost
8. Vermicomposting at Home
9. Vermicomposting on the Farm
10. The Business of Worms
11. Interaction of Vermicompost-Earthworm-Mulch-Plantroot (Vemp)
12. Earthworm Farming is not hard
II. EARTHWORMS : ECOLOGICAL TYPES :
1. Trophic Classification of Earthworms
2. Drilosphere
3. Physical Effects of Earthworms on Soils
4. Chemical Effects of Earthworms on Soils
5. The Effect of Absence of Earthworms in Soils
III. PHYLUM Annelida : EARTHWORM :
1. Earthworms
2. Economic Importance
3. Pheretima Poshuma
4. The Body Wall
5. Locomotion
6. The Coelom
7. The Digestive System
8. Food and Digestion
9. Respiration
10. Excretory Organs
11. Physiology of Excretion
12. Chloragogen Cells
13. Vascular System
14. The nervous system
15. Working of the Nervous System
16. Receptor Organs
17. Generative Organs
18. Copulation
19. Fertilization and Coccon Formation
20. Classification
IV. EARTHWORMS : LIFE CYCLE :
1. Life cycle Studies
2. Life cycle Patterns
3. Life cycle-Lampito Mauritii
4. Cocoons
5. Juveniles
6. Non-Clitellates
7. Clitellates
8. Life Cycle-Perionyx Excavatus
9. Cocoons
10. Juveniles
11. Non-Clitellates
12. Clitellates
13. Doubling Time
14. Biochemical Changes During Growth
V. EARTHWORMS : FOR CULTURE :
1. Worms for Vermiculture
2. Earthworm Breeding
3. Vermicompost
4. Collecting local Earthworms
VI. WHY VERMICOMPOSTING :
1. Fertilizers use and Deterioration of Soil Environment
2. Testing the impact of Vermicomposting
3. Nitrogen and Humification in Vermicomposting
4. Vermicompost - a Quality Manure
5. Recycling of Wastes through Vermi-Composting
6. Minimizing Pollution Hazard
7. Providing Growth Promoters
8. Vermicomposting : Advantages
9. Black Gold (worm Castings) from worms
10. Adverse Effects on Crops
11. Economic Vibility
VII. VERMICULTURE AND VERMITECH :
1. How to Start Vermiculture
2. Preparation of Vermibeds
3. Setting Up of a Vermiwash Unit
4. An Enterprise
5. Economics of Vermitech (In Indian Rupees)
6. Construction and Maintenance of a Twin Unit System Marketing
VIII. VERMICOMPOSTING MATERIALS :
1. Animal dung
2. Agricultural waste
3. Forestry wastes
4. City leaf litter
5. Waste Paper and Cotton Cloth etc.
6. City Refuge
7. Biogas Slurry
8. Industrial Wastes
9. Feeding Vermicomposting Materials
10. What should not be Fed to Earthworms?
11. How much Earthworm Eat
12. How to Feed Earthworm?
13. Vermicomposting : Types
14. Small Scale or Indoor Vermicomposting
15. Large scale or Outdoor Vermicomposting
16. In-situ Culturing of Earthworms
17. Simple Promotion of Vermic Activity in fields
18. Development of Eathworms in Gardens and Orchards
19. Large Scale Commercialized Vermicomposting in Open Heaps
20. Vermicomposting : Requirements
21. Environmental Requirements
22. Air (Aeration)
23. Moisture Content
24. Temperature
25. How to Construct a Worm Bin
26. Bedding Materials
27. Other Requirements
28. Container
29. Containers : Types
30. Small Barrel or Drum Composter
31. Large Barrel or Drum Composter
32. Three-Chambered Bin
33. Making of Three-Chambered bin
34. Bedding Material
35. Ideal Conditions for Life of Earthworms
36. Food for Worms
37. Adding Food Waste
38. Proper Ingredient Mixture
39. Browns
40. Greens
41. Particle Size
42. Fertilizer and Lime pH
43. Other Factor Affecting Earthworm's Growth
44. Eathworm and Insects
45. Tilling and Earthworm Population
46. Earthworm and come Drounding
47. Maintaining the Bin
48. Harvesting the Compost and Worms
49. General Problems in Production of Vermicomposting Remember
IX. Experiments FROM THE FIELD :
1. Earthworms : Their Effect on Plant Growth
2. Growing Vegetables
3. Are Earthworms Alone?
4. Effect on soil Quality
5. Soil loss
6. Adverse Effects on Crops
7. Impact of Chemicals on Earthworms
8. Impact of Heavy Metals
9. Earthworms in Food Chains
10. Earthworm Parasites
X. EARTHWORMS : THEIR APPLICATION IN Organic Agriculture :
1. Organic Method Under Rainfed Conditions
i. Cultivation of Groundnut (per acre) (All Costs in Indian Rupees)
Cost of Field Preparation
Net Profit From Both Types of Cultivation (per acre)
ii. Cultivation of Brinjal (per acre)
Net Profits from both Types of Cultivation (per acre)
iii. Cultivation of Okra (per acre)
Net profit From Cultivation
iv. Cultivation of Paddy
v. Cultivation of Sugarcane
XI. Ways TO MAKE COMPOST :
1. Selection of Suitable Species
2. Epiges (Eisenia Foetida)
3. Endoges (Eudrilus Eugeniae)
4. Aneciques
5. Basic Characteristics of Suitable Species
6. Composting Material : Preliminary Treatment
7. Vermicomposting Schemes
8. Maintenance of Vermicomposting Beds
9. Scheme One
10. Scheme Two
11. Scheme Three
12. Scheme Four
13. Scheme Five
14. Scheme Six
15. Harvesting the Worms and Compost
16. Using Worm Compost
17. Vermicomposting Efficiency
18. Transportation of Live Worms
19. Vermicompost : Applications
20. Flower or Garden pots
21. In Horticulture
22. In Agriculture
23. Vermicomposts : Characterization
24. Vermiwash
25. Problems in Using Vermiwash
26. Earthworm Paste
27. Vermicomposting : General Procedure at Home
28. Vermicomposting : General Procedures at Agricultural Farms Vermicomposting : Kiss Plan
29. Advantages of KISS Plan
30. Step 1 : Windrow Preparation
31. Important Considerations
32. Step 2 : Extending the Windrow
33. Step 3 : Making Quality Castings
34. Step 4 : Moisture and Irrigation
35. Step 5: Windrow Cover
36. Step 6 : Harvesting
37. Earthworms Predators and Parasites
38. Mite pests in Earthworm Beds
39. White or Brown Mites
40. Red Mites
41. Mite Prevention
42. Removal of Mite
43. Parasites and Pathogens
XII. EARTHWORMS : END Uses AND POTENTIAL :
1. Earthworms in Medicine
2. Earthworms as Feed
3. Economic Potential
4. Legal Constraints
5. Conclusion
XIII. EARTHWORMS : END USES AND POTENTIAL :
1. The Future
2. Sampling Methods
3. Hand Sorting
4. Principle
5. Materials
6. Procedure
7. Washing and Sieving
8. Principle
9. Materials
10. Procedure
11. Use of Chemical Repellants
12. Principle
13. Materials
14. Procedure
15. Electrical Methods
16. Principle
17. Materials
18. Procedure
19. Trapping Methods
20. Materials
21. Procedure
22. Other Method
23. Flotation
24. Heat Extraction
25. Number of Casts
26. Measurement of Earthworm Biomass
27. Storage and Identification
28. Storage
29. Identification
XIV. VERMICOMPOSTING: A World Scenario :
1. Grace McKellar Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
2. Hobart City Council, Tasmania, Australia
3. National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States Newcastle City Council, New South Wales, Australia Oregon Soil Corporation, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
4. Pacific Southwest Farms, Ontairo, California, United States
5. Resource Conversion Corporation/Canyon Recycling, San Diego, California, U.S.
6. Rideau Regional Hospital, Perth, Ontario, Canada
7. San Quentin Prison, California
8. Seattle Kingdome Stadium, Seattle, Washington, United States Sovadec, La Voulte, France
9. Vermiculture Production Center, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba Vermicycle Organics, Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
10. India
11. Green Cross Society of Mumbai, India
12. Indian Aluminum Co. Ltd, Belgaum, India
13. Morarka - GDC Rural Research Foundation, Jaipur
XV. ROLE OF EARTHWORMS :
1. In sustainable Agriculture
2. Organic Farming
3. Earthworms Activities
4. Soil Fertility and Texture
5. Soil Aeration
6. Water Impercolation
7. Decomposition and Moisture
XVI. VERMITECHNOLOGY :
1. Definition
2. History
3. In Other Coutries
4. In India
XVII. ADVANTAGES OF VERMICULTURE :
1. Production of Cheap Animal Protein
2. Vermi Cast
3. Soil and Vermi Cast
4. Earthworm Inoculation in Soil
5. Decomposition of Bio-Degradeable Wastes and Vermicomposting
6. Vermiculture in Pollution Abatement
XVIII. VERMICULTURE :
1. General and Planning
2. Selection of Suitable Species
3. Basic Characteristics of Suitable Species
4. Description of Suitable Species
5. Family : Lumbricidae
i. Bimastos parvus (= Allolobophora (Bimastosparvus Eisen)
ii. Eisenia foetida (Sav.)
a. Family : Eudrilidae
i. Eudrilus Eugeniae (Kinb.) :
a. Family : Megascolecidae
i. Lamptio Mauritii (Kinb.)
ii. Metaphire Anomala Mich. (= Pheretima Anomala)
iii. Metaphire Posthuma (= Pheretima Posthuma)
iv. Perionyx Excavatus E. Perr
v. Perionyx Sansbaricus Michaelson
a. Family : Octochaetidae
i. Octochaetus (Octochaetoides) Surnensis Mich
ii. Ramiella Bishambari (Steph.)
a. Sub-family : Diplocardinae
i. Dichogaster Bolaui (Mich.)
ii. Dichogaster Affinis (Mich.)
iii. Dichogaster Curgensis (Micha.)
iv. Dichogaster Saliens (Bedd.)
v. Ramiella Bishambari (Steph.)
vi. Erythodraeodrilus Suctorius (Steph.)
vii. Ocnerodrilus (Ocnerodrilus) Occidentails (Eisen.) Family : Moniligastridae
i. Moniligaster perrieri (Mich.)
ii. Drawida willisi (Mich.)
a. Maintenance of Base Culture
XIX. VERMICOMPOSTING :
1. General
2. Advantages of Vermicomposting
3. Vermicomposting Materials
4. Preliminary Treatment of Composting Material
5. Small Scale or Indoor Vermicomposting
6. Large Scale or Outdoor Vermicomposting
7. Other Types of Vemi-Composting
8. Requirement for Vermicomposting
9. Feed for Earthworms
10. Vermicomposting Schemes
11. Maintenance of Vermicomposting Beds
12. Vermicomposting Efficiency
13. Collection of Vermicompost
14. Transportation of Live Worms
15. Marketing Outlets
DIRECTORY OF VERMICULTURE RESOURCES