Contents
I. CONCEPTS AND Mechanisms OF Heat FLOW :
1. What is Heat Transfer?
2. Modes of Heat Transfer
3. Physical Mechanism of Modes of Heat Transfer
4. Laws of Heat Transfer
5. Thermal Conductivity
6. Isotropic Material and Anisotropic Material
7. Insulation Materials
8. Thermal Resistance and Thermal Conductance
9. Thermal Diffusivity
10. Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient
11. Conduction and Convection Heat Transfer in Series
12. Convective and Radiation Heat Transfer in Parallel
13. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
II. CONDUCTION-BASIC EQUATIONS :
1. Generalised One Dimensional Heat Conduction Equation
2. Three Dimensional Heat Conduction Equation
3. Initial and Boundary Conditions
4. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
III. STEADY STATE CONDUCTION WITHOUT HEAT GENERATION :
1. Plane Wall
2. Electrical Analogy for Plane Wall
3. The Composite Wall
4. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
5. Thermal Contact Resistance
6. Long Hollow Cylinder
7. Critical Thickness of Insulation on Cylinders
8. Hollow Sphere
9. Two Dimensional Steady State Heat Conduction
10. Conduction Shape Factor
11. Numerical Methods for Two Dimensional Steady State Heat Conduction
12. Summary
Review Questions Problems
IV. STEADY STATE CONDUCTION WITH HEAT GENERATION :
1. The Plane Wall
2. Dielectric Heating
3. The Cylinder
4. Hollow Cylinder with Heat Generation and Specified Surface Temperatures
5. Heat Transfer through a Piston Crown
6. Heat Conduction with Heat Generation in Cylindrical Nuclear Fuel Rod
7. The Sphere
8. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
V. HEAT TRANSFER FROM EXTENDED SURFACES :
1. Types of Fins
2. Fin Selection and Applications
3. Governing Equation
4. Fin Performance
5. Approximate Solution of Fin : Concept of Corrected Fin Length
6. Error in Temperature Measurement by Thermometers
7. Design Considerations for Fins
8. Heat Flow Through Fins of Non Uniform Cross-section
9. Numerical Solution to One Dimensional Steady State Heat Conduction Problems
10. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
VI. TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION :
1. Approximate Solution
2. Analytical Solution
3. Transient Temperature Charts : Heisler and Grober Charts
4. Transient Heat Conduction in Semi Infinite Solids
5. Transient Heat Conduction in Multidimensional Systems
6. Numerical Methods for One Dimensional Transient Conduction
7. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
VII. PRINCIPLES OF CONVECTION :
1. Mechanism of Heat Convection
2. Classification of Convection
3. Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient
4. Convection Boundary Layers
5. Laminar and Turbulent Flow
6. Momentum Equation for Laminar Boundary Layer
7. Energy Equation for the Laminar Boundary Layer
8. Boundary Layer Similarities
9. Determination of Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient
10. Dimensional Analysis
11. Physical Significance of the Dimensionless Parameters
12. Turbulent Boundary Layer Heat Transfer
13. Reynolds Colbum Analogy for Turbulent Flow Over a Flat Plate
14. Mean Film Temperature and Bulk Mean Temperature
15. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
References and Suggested Reading
VIII. External FLOW :
1. Laminar Flow Over a Flat Plate
2. Reynolds Colburn Analogy : Momentum and Heat Transfer Analogy for Laminar Flow over Flat Plate
3. Turbulent Flow over a Flat Plate
4. Combined Laminar and Turbulent Flow
5. Flow Across Cylinders and Spheres
6. Flow across Banks of Tubes
7. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
References and Suggested Reading
IX. INTERNAL FLOW :
1. Flow Inside Ducts
2. Hydrodynamic Considerations
3. Thermal Considerations
4. The Heat Transfer in Fully Developed Flow
5. Heat Transfer in Laminar Tube Flow
6. Flow Inside a Non-circular Duct
7. Thermally Developing, Hydrodynamically Developed Laminar Flow
8. Heat Transfer in Turbulent Flow Inside a Circular Tube
9. Heat Transfer to Liquid Metal Flow in Tube
10. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
References and Suggested Reading
X. Natural CONVECTION :
1. Physical Mechanism
2. Definitions
3. Natural Convection Over a Vertical Plate
4. Empirical Correlations for External Free Convection Flow
5. Simplified Equations for Air
6. Natural Convection in Enclosed Spaces
7. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
References and Suggested Readings
XI. CONDENSATION AND BOILING :
1. Condensation
2. Laminar Film Condensation on a Vertical Plate
3. Condensation on a Single Horizontal Tube
4. Turbulent Filmwise Condensation
5. Condensate Number
6. Dropwise Condensation
7. Film Condensation inside Horizontal Tubes
8. Boiling
9. Pool Boiling Regimes
10. Mechanism of Nucleate Boiling
11. Pool Boiling Correlations
12. Forced Convection Boiling
13. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
XII. THERMAL RADIATION : PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES :
1. Theories of Radiation
2. Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation
3. Blackbody Radiation
4. Spectral and Total Emissive Power
5. Surface Absorption, Reflection and Transmission
6. Blackbody Radiation Laws
7. Emissivity
8. Radiation Intensity
9. Radiosity
10. Solar Radiation
11. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
References and Suggested Reading
XIII. RADIATION EXCHANGE BETWEEN SURFACES :
1. Radiation View Factor
2. Blackbody Radiation Exchange
3. Radiation from Cavities
4. Radiation Heat Exchange between Diffuse, Gray Surface
5. The Radiation Exchange between Three Surfaces Enclosure
6. Radiation Heat Transfer in Three Surface Enclosure
7. Radiation Shields
8. Temperature Measurement of a Gas by Thermocouple
9. Gas Radiation
10. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
XIV. HEAT EXCHANGERS :
1. Classification of Heat Exchanger
2. Temperature Distribution
3. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
4. Fouling Factor
5. Wilson Plot
6. Heat Exchanger Analysis
7. Log Mean Temperature Difference Method
8. Multi Pass and Cross Flow Heat Exchangers
9. Heat Exchanger Analysis : The Effectiveness-NTU Method
10. Rating of Heat Exchangers
11. Sizing of Heat Exchangers
12. Compact Heat Exchangers
13. Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE)
14. Requirements of Good Heat Exchanger
15. Heat Exchanger Design and Selection
16. Practical Applications of Heat Exchangers
17. Heat Pipes
18. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
References and Suggested Readings
XV. MASS TRANSFER :
1. Introduction
2. Modes of Mass Transfer
3. Comparison between Heat and Mass Transfer
4. Concentrations, Velocities and Fluxes
5. Pick's Law of Diffusion
6. General Mass Diffusion Equation
7. Diffusion Through a Stagnant Gas
8. Convective Mass Transfer
9. Dimensionless Parameters in Convective Mass Transfer
10. Dimensional Analysis of Convective Mass Transfer
11. Evaporation of Water into Air
12. Summary
Review Questions
Problems
XVI. Experiments IN Engineering HEAT TRANSFER :
Expt. 1. Thermal Conductivity of Metallic Rod
Expt. 2. Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Powder
Expt. 3. Thermal Conductivity of Composite Wall
Expt. 4. Natural Convection Experiment
Expt. 5. Forced Convection
Expt. 6. Heat Transfer from Pin Fin
Expt. 7. Stefan Boltzmann Constant
Expt. 8. Measurement of Emissivity of a Test Surface
Expt. 9. Heat Exchanger Experiment
Expt. 10. Critical Heat Flux
Expt. 11. Heat Pipe
Expt. 12. Thermocouples Calibration Test Rig
Review Questions
References
List of Appendix (Appendices)
I. THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER :
Table :
1. Thermophysical Properties of Selected Metallic Solids
2. Thermophysical Properties of Selected Non-metallic Solids
3. Thermophysical Properties of Common Materials :
i. Structural Building Materials
ii. Insulating Materials and Systems
iii. Industrial Insulations
iv. Other Materials
4. Thermophysical Properties of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure
5. Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Liquids
6. Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Liquid-Vapour, 1 atm
7. Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Water
8. Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Metals
9. Emissivities of Some Surfaces :
i. Metals
ii. Nonmetals
10. Solar Radiative Properties for Selected Materials
11. Diffusion Coefficient of Gases and Vapours in Air at 25°C and 100 kPa
II. MATHEMATICAL RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS :
Table :
1. Hyperbolic Functions
2. The Gaussian Error Function
3. The Complementary Error Function
4. The First Four Roots of the Transcedental Equation, ξn tan ξn Bi, for transient conduction in a plane wall
5. Coefficients used in the one-term approximation to the series solutions for transient one-dimensional conduction
6. Zeroth and first-order Bessel Functions of the First Kind
7. Modified Bessel Functionsª of the First and Second Kinds
Features
1. Strong graphical support for easy understanding of the text.
2. More structural approach to enable the students to learn problems meaningfully.
3. Every problem in the book is solved by unique and most appropriate methodology.
4. General data, formulae and principles of engineering thermodynamics are used in the text for better understanding.
5. Inclusion of some new chapters, expansion of existing chapters and increment of solved examples.
6. Provides review questions, and variety of exercise problems with answers at the end of each chapter
Pedagogy Rich :
1. More than 500 solved examples
2. More than 350 review questions.
3. More than 450 exercise problems with answers.
4. More than 600 illustrations.
5. Chapter summary, references and suggested readings.
6. Enlarged appendix and subject index at the end of the book.