Contents
I. INTRODUCTION :
1. Rock Mechanics
2. Rock Mechanics Problems
3. Scope of Rock Mechanics
4. Problems of Rock Mechanics
II. Rocks :
1. Rocks
2. Minerals
3. Structure of Earth
4. Rock for Engineers
5. Rock as Construction Materials
6. Classification of Rocks :
i. By Origin or Genesis
ii. Igneous Rocks
iii. Sedimentary Rocks
iv. Metamorphic Rocks
7. :
i. Geological or Lithological Classification
ii. Texture
iii. Structure
iv. Composition
v. Colour
vi. Grain Size
vii. Objective Type Questions & University Questions
III. DEFECTS IN ROCK MASS :
1. Discontinuities and Defects in Rock Mass
2. Cause of Defects in Rock Mass
3. Strike and Dip
4. Bedding Planes, Stratification and other Defects
5. Joints
6. Faults
7. Foldes :
i. Modes of Folds
ii. Types of Folds
iii. Importance of Folds for Engineering Projects
Objective Type Questions & University Questions
IV. METHODS OF ROCK EXPLORATION :
1. Introduction
2. Object of Exploration
3. Methods of Rock Exploration
4. Rock Exploration by Direct Penetration :
i. Core boring
ii. Core Recovery
iii. Rock Quality Designation (R.Q.D)
iv. Fracture Frequency
5. Large Diameter Calyx Holes
6. Logging of Cores
7. Geophysical Prospecting
8. Methods of Geophysical Processing :
i. Seismic Methods
a. Theory
b. Methods of Exploration
c. Limitations
ii. Electrical Methods :
a. Resistivity Method
b. Theory of Current Flow
c. Measurements
d. Interpretation of Result
iii. Gravity Method :
a. Theory
b. Instrument and Measurement
c. Corrections
d. Interpretation of Result
iv. Magnetic Method
a. Theory
b. Instrument Used for Magnetic Prospecting
c. Interpretation of Result
Objective Type Questions & University Questions
V. IN SITU TESTS :
1. Necessity of In-situ Tests
2. Requirement of In-situ Tests
3. Selection of Test Site
4. Types of In-situ Tests
5. In-situ Test for Deformability :
i. Plate Load Test :
a. Cable Jacking Test
ii. Pressure Tunnel Test
iii. Bore Hole Test :
a. The Dilatometers
6. Shear Tests :
7. Strength Tests :
i. Bearing Capacity of Rock
ii. Compressive Strength Test
iii. Tensile Strength Test
iv. Tests for Internal Stress in Rock :
a. Dilatometer Test
b. Test Stress-Relief Techniques
c. Flat Jack Techniques
d. Indirect Methods
Objective type Questions & University Questions
VI. Physical AND Mechanical PROPERTIES OF ROCKS :
1. Introduction
2. Physical and Mechanical Properties
3. Porosity
4. Density
5. Moisture Content
6. Degree of Saturation
7. Permeability :
i. Definition
ii. Use of Permeability
iii. Experimental Determinations of Permeability :
a. Longitudinal Test
b. Radial Test
8. Electrical Properties
9. Thermal Properties
10. Swelling
11. Anisotropy
12. Durability
13. Mechanical Properties
14. Strength :
i. Classification of Strength
ii. Compressive Strength :
a. Uniaxial Unconfined Compressive Strength
b. Triaxial Compressive Strength :
iii. Tesnsile Strength :
a. Shear Strength
b. Point Load Strength
c. Scale Effect on the Strength of Rocks
15. Elasticity
16. Plasticity
17. Poisson's Ratio
18. Deformability
19. Hardness
Objective Type Questions & University Questions
VII. ROCK TESTING :
1. Introduction
2. Sampling :
i. Sample Preparation
3. Specimen
4. Uniaxial Compressive Strength Test
5. Tensile Strength Tests :
i. Brazilian Test
ii. Bending Test
6. Flexural Strength Test
7. Shear Strength Test :
i. Shear Box Test
ii. Direct Shear Test on Rock Cubes
iii. Punch Shear Test
8. Tests for Elastic Constants :
i. Static Methods :
a. Test Procedure
b. Young's Modulus by Brazilian Test
c. Young's Modulus by Bending Test
ii. Dynamic Methods :
a. Resonance Method
b. Ultrasonic Pulse Method
Objective Type Questions & University Questions
VIII. CREEP BEHAVIOUR AND RHEOLOGICAL MODELS :
1. Loading Diagrams
2. Creep
3. Creep in Rocks :
a. Measurement of Creep
b. Estimation of Creep Deformation
4. Rheology and Rheological Models
5. Different Rheological Models :
i. The St. Venant Model
ii. The Kelvin Model
iii. The Maxwell Model
iv. The Bingham Model
v. The Burger Model
Objective Type Questions & University Questions
IX. STRENGTH AND Failure OF ROCKS :
1. Failure
2. Idealy Plastic, Perfectly Plastic and Elasic Plastic Materials
3. Types of Failure
4. Yield Criteria of Failure Theories :
i. Maximum-Stress Theory
ii. The Maximum Elastic Strain Theory
iii. The Constant Elastic-Strain Energy Theory
iv. The Maximum Shear-Stress Theory
v. The Constant Elastic Strain-Energy of Distoration Theory
vi. Mohr's Theory
vii. The Coulomb Theory
5. Behaviour of Rock Materials
6. Griffith's Theory of Fracture Initiation in Rock Mass :
i. Stress Around Boundary of an Open Flow
ii. Equations Defining Fracture Initiation
7. Relation between GRAIN Size and Strength of Rocks
8. Experimental Investigations of Rock Strength :
i. Failure in Rock
ii. Behaviour of Brittle Materials
iii. Conclusion on Strength and Failure Criteria of Rocks
9. Strength Criteria of Jointed Rocks :
i. Failure Propagation of Jointed Rocks
ii. "Stick-slip" Process of Rupture
iii. Barton (1973) has Suggested an Empirical Relation to Describe the Shear Strength of any Joint along the Jointed Surface
4. Conclusion
Objective type Questions & University Questions
X. DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ROCKS :
1. Introduction
2. Types of Waves
3. Theory of Wave Propagation
4. Factors Influencing Wave Velocity :
i. Rock Type
ii. Rock Texture
iii. State of Stress
iv. Stress Level of the Wave
v. Water Constant
vi. Temperature of Rock
vii. Stratification
viii. Porosity
5. Static and Dynamic Modulii of Elasticity
6. In situ Determination of Elastic Properties of Rocks by dynamic Method
Objective Type Questions & University Questions
XI. IMPROVEMENT IN PROPERTIES OF ROCK MASS :
1. Introduction
2. Grouting
3. Grouting Material :
i. Cement Grout
ii. . Chemical Grouts
iii. Bituminous Grouts
4. Grouting Operations
5. Methods of Grouting
6. Guniting
7. Rock Bolting
8. Mechanism of Rock Bolting
9. Principles of Design (of Rock Bolt System)
10. Cable Anchorage
Objective Type Questions & University Questions
XII. ENGINEERING CLASSIFICATION OF ROCK MASS :
1. Introduction
2. Aims and Objectives
3. Qualities of a Classification System
4. Desired Classification System :
i. Classification based on Degree of Weathering
ii. Engineering Classification of Intact Rock
iii. Terzaghi's Rock Classification
iv. U.S. Bureau of Mines Classification
v. Coates Classification
vi. C-Factor Classification
vii. Geomechanical Classification
viii. Q-system of Classification
6. Comparison of RMR and Q System
Objectives Type & University Questions